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cladeKlade (ger.)

  • 1) A high-ranking category for a branch of the phylogenetic tree, i.e. a phylogenetically defined taxonomic group, corresponding roughly to a phylum.
    systematics
    1868

    sechs Hauptclassen (oder Kladen, d.h. Aeste) des Pflanzenreichs

    Haeckel, E. (1868). Natürliche Schöpfungsgeschichte: 350.

    1940

    nous groupons les espèces en catégories étagées, dont chacune marque ou devrait marquer un point de bifurcation évolutive: genre, tribu, famille, ordre, classe et finalement clade […] l’immense clade des Vertébrés, le plus récent de tous

    Cuénot, L. (1940). Essai d’arbre généalogique du règneanimal. Comp. rend. Acad. Sci., Paris 210, 196-199: 197; 198.

    1940

    Quel nom peut-on donner à ces feuilles autonomes? Les mots d’embranchement, de phylum conviendraient, mais ils ont été trop souvent employés pour ne pas prêter à confusion; je préférerais le terme nouveau de clade

    Cuénot, L. (1940). Remarques sur un essai d’arbre généalogique du règne animal. Comp. rend. Acad. Sci., Paris 210, 23-27: 24.

    1982

    clade A branch of a cladogram; a monophyletic group of taxa sharing a closer common ancestry with one another than with members of any other clade. 

    Lincoln, R.J., Boxshall, G.A. & Clark, P.F. (1982). A Dictionary of Ecology, Evolution and Systematics: 48.

  • 2) A group of organisms that have evolved from a common ancestor. (OED 2011)
    systematics
    1955

    groups of common ancestry […] Clades, from the Greek for branches, is perhaps preferable, as more precise.

    Huxley, J. (1957). Evolution, cultural and biological (in: id. (1957). New Bottles for New Wine, 61-92): 90 (not in original publication of this artice in the Yearbook of Anthropology 1955, 3-25).

    1957
    Cladogenesis results in the formation of delimitiable monophyletic groups, which may be called clades
    Huxley, J. (1957). The three types of evolutionary process. Nature 180, 454-455: 455.
    1961

    groups of animals similar in general levels of organization as distinct from groups of common genetic origin. J. Huxley […] has proposed that the former groups be called grades, the latter, clades.

    Simpson, G.G. (1961). Principles of Animal Taxonomy: 125.

    1963

    Should taxa in orthodox taxonomy be in general monophyletic groups (clades) or phenetic groups?

    Sokal, R.R. & Sneath, P.H.A. (1963). Principles of Numerical Taxonomy: 102.