BioConcepts

homoplasyhomoplasie (fr.); Homoplasie (ger.)

• Homoplastic condition; similarity of structure produced independently by the operation of similar external circumstances. (OED 2011)
  category homology

  1870

  When identical or nearly similar forces, or environments, act on two or more parts of an organism which are exactly or nearly alike […] [or] on parts in two organisms, which parts are exactly or nearly alike and sometimes homogenetic, the resulting correspondences called forth in the several parts in the two organisms will be nearly or exactly alike […]. I propose to call this kind of agreement homoplasis or homoplasy.

  Lankester, E.R. (1870). On the use of the term “homology” in modern zoology, and the distinction between “homogenetic” and “homoplastic” agreements. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 6, 34-43: 39.

  1877

  „Homophylie nenne ich die wirklich phylogenetisch begründete Homologie, im Gegensatze zur Homomorphie, welcher die geneologische Begründung fehlt“. Monographie der Kalkschwämme, Bd. I, S. 462. Diese beiden verschiedenen Modi der Homologie, welche ich mit den angeführten Worten 1872 unterschieden habe, fallen nicht zusammen mit denjenigen Modalitäten der Homologie, welche Ray-Lankester 1870 als Homogenie und Homoplasie, neuerdings aber H. Ihering als Homogenie und Homoeogenie unterschieden hat.

  Haeckel, E. (1877). Nachträge zur Gastraea-Theorie. Jenaische Zeitschrift für Naturwissenschaft 11, 55-98: 94.

  1905

  Lankester’s homoplasy is equivalent to analogous evolution, to parallelism, or convergence

  Osborn, H.F. (1905). The ideas and terms of modern philosophical anatomy. Science 21, 959-961: 959; cf. Haas, O. & Simpson, G.G. (1946). Analysis of some phylogenetic terms with attempts at redefinition. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 90, 319-347: 322.

  1907

  Homoplasy does not demand an element of homology

  Lankester, E.R. [Letter to Osborn]. In: Osborn, H.F. (1907). Evolution of Mammalian Molar Teeth to and from the Triangular Type, 238-239.
  

  1912

  Homoplasie, falsche Homologie, auf gleichartiger Anpassung an ähnliche Lebensbedingungen beruhende Übereinstimmung von Organen.

  Schmidt, H. (1912). Wörterbuch der Biologie: 233.

  1982

  homoplasy Structural resemblance due toparallelism or convergent evolution rather than to common ancestry; homoplastic similarity; nonhomologous similarity; homoplasia; homoplasty; homoplast.

  Lincoln, R.J., Boxshall, G.A. & Clark, P.F. (1982). A Dictionary of Ecology, Evolution and Systematics: 117.